{"id":14658,"date":"2023-09-02T06:58:24","date_gmt":"2023-09-02T06:58:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kcsensor.com\/?p=14658"},"modified":"2026-09-28T09:43:28","modified_gmt":"2026-09-28T09:43:28","slug":"principle-behind-ultrasonic-transmitter-measurem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/ar\/principle-behind-ultrasonic-transmitter-measurem\/","title":{"rendered":"5 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/ar\/product\/kus3000-series-ultrasonic-transmitter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/strong>, \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 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\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ultrasonic_transducer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-dominant-color=\"d6d7da\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #d6d7da;\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ultrasonic-transmitters-60-1024x1024.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14664 not-transparent\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ultrasonic-transmitters-60-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ultrasonic-transmitters-60-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ultrasonic-transmitters-60-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ultrasonic-transmitters-60-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ultrasonic-transmitters-60-600x600.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ultrasonic-transmitters-60-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ultrasonic-transmitters-60-jpg.webp 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0636\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0635\u0644\u0628.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621)\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u063a\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637. \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 (20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 68 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a) \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 343 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\/\u062b) \u0623\u0648 1,125 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0642\u062f\u0645\/\u062b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0636\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621)\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 = (\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u00d7 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644) \/ 2.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 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\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 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\u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9.3 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9.4 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9.5 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10.1 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642). \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10.2 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11.1 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11.2 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11.3 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11.4 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11.5 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0632\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lITAmfMA7do?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u2014 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manorshi.com\/16mm-Dog-Repellent-Ultrasonic-Transducer-25khz-Detect-Sensor-pd40917866.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 16 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f 25 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-kacise-water-quality-monitor wp-block-embed-kacise-water-quality-monitor\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"U1kq8MqmcN\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/ar\/ultrasonic-transmitter-10-free-industry-usages\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629: 10 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201c10 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u201d \u2014 Kacise - \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\" src=\"https:\/\/kcsensor.com\/ultrasonic-transmitter-10-free-industry-usages\/embed\/#?secret=ZAKBaLD7jt#?secret=U1kq8MqmcN\" data-secret=\"U1kq8MqmcN\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In a world where communication technology continually pushes the boundaries of innovation, the ultrasonic transmitter stands as a testament to the remarkable capabilities of science and engineering. This extraordinary device harnesses the power of sound waves beyond the range of human hearing to revolutionize the way we interact with our environment and technology. Imagine a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":14663,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[207,195,114,189],"tags":[190],"class_list":["post-14658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ultrasonic-distance-sensors","category-ultrasonic-proximity-sensor","category-ultrasonic-sensor","category-ultrasonic-transmitter","tag-ultrasonic-transmitter"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14658","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14658"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14658\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14663"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14658"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14658"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14658"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}