{"id":23932,"date":"2026-02-10T10:49:44","date_gmt":"2026-02-10T10:49:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/?p=23932"},"modified":"2026-02-10T10:49:44","modified_gmt":"2026-02-10T10:49:44","slug":"ultrasonic-level-measurement-principle-and-measurement-precautions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/cs\/ultrasonic-level-measurement-principle-and-measurement-precautions\/","title":{"rendered":"Princip ultrazvukov\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hladiny a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>I. Princip m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ultrazvukov\u00fd m\u011bni\u010d je vyroben z <strong>piezoelektrick\u00fd keramick\u00fd materi\u00e1l<\/strong>. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se prov\u00e1d\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm procesu p\u0159evodu <strong>elektrickou energii na mechanickou energii a pot\u00e9 zp\u011bt na elektrickou energii<\/strong>, a to na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u010dasu pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho k tomuto p\u0159evodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jin\u00fdmi slovy, princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9ho m\u011bni\u010de spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee <strong>vys\u00edlat ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny a p\u0159ij\u00edmat odra\u017een\u00e9 ozv\u011bny<\/strong>. P\u0159esn\u00fdm m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm \u010dasov\u00e9ho rozd\u00edlu <strong>t<\/strong>&nbsp;mezi vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00edm ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln a p\u0159\u00edjmem ozv\u011bny a kombinac\u00ed tohoto jevu s <strong>kompenzace rychlosti zvuku (C)<\/strong>&nbsp;V z\u00e1vislosti na okoln\u00ed teplot\u011b se m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 podle n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho vzorce:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>D = C \u00d7 t \/ 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>II. Probl\u00e9my, s nimi\u017e se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me p\u0159i praktick\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Probl\u00e9m<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Jev a p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Prost\u0159ed\u00ed Steam<\/td><td><strong>Jev:<\/strong>&nbsp;Hladina kapaliny \u010dasto nen\u00ed detekov\u00e1na.<br><strong>P\u0159\u00ed\u010dina:<\/strong>&nbsp;V parn\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00edch je akustick\u00e1 impedance m\u00e9dia vysok\u00e1, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k lomu a odrazu, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek nadm\u011brn\u00e9 \u00fatlum ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln.<\/td><td>\u25cfPou\u017eijte <strong>neinvazivn\u00ed (extern\u011b namontovan\u00fd) ultrazvukov\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d hladiny<\/strong>&nbsp;m\u011b\u0159it od dna a vyhnout se parn\u00ed f\u00e1zi.<br>\u25cfNahra\u010fte za <strong>senzor proti kondenzaci s velk\u00fdm dosahem<\/strong>, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed vys\u00edlac\u00ed v\u00fdkon, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zachytit ozv\u011bnu.<br>\u25cfPou\u017eijte <strong>ponorn\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d hladiny<\/strong>&nbsp;(na principu tlaku) k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hladiny kapaliny.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pra\u0161n\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed (obvykle pevn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky)<\/td><td><strong>Jev:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u00darove\u0148 nelze zjistit.<br><strong>P\u0159\u00ed\u010dina:<\/strong>&nbsp;Prach pohlcuje ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny a v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu se na povrchu sn\u00edma\u010de hromad\u00ed.<\/td><td>\u25cf Nahra\u010fte za <strong>senzor s velk\u00fdm dosahem<\/strong>&nbsp;a prov\u00e1d\u011bt pravidelnou \u00fadr\u017ebu.<br>\u25cfNainstalujte <strong>syst\u00e9m proplachov\u00e1n\u00ed vzduchem<\/strong>&nbsp;aby se vytvo\u0159il prostor bez prachu.<br>\u25cfPou\u017eijte <strong>radary<\/strong>, na kter\u00fd m\u00e1 prach a suspendovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vliv.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P\u011bna na hladin\u011b kapaliny<\/td><td><strong>Jev:<\/strong>&nbsp;Nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 hladina odpov\u00edd\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e povrchu p\u011bny ne\u017e skute\u010dn\u00e9 hladin\u011b kapaliny, jinak nelze hladinu zjistit.<br><strong>P\u0159\u00ed\u010dina:<\/strong>&nbsp;P\u011bna se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z mnoha bublin r\u016fzn\u00fdch velikost\u00ed. Kdy\u017e ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny proniknou do vrstvy p\u011bny, doch\u00e1z\u00ed na rozhran\u00ed plyn\u2013kapalina k neust\u00e1l\u00e9mu dif\u00fazn\u00edmu odrazu a lomu.<\/td><td>\u25cfPou\u017eijte <strong>neinvazivn\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d hladiny<\/strong>&nbsp;m\u011b\u0159it od dna a zabr\u00e1nit vlivu p\u011bny.<br>\u25cfPou\u017eijte <strong>kapacitn\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010d hladiny<\/strong>, kter\u00fd p\u0159\u00edmo m\u011b\u0159\u00ed kapacitu vyvolanou kapalinou a nen\u00ed ovlivn\u011bn p\u011bnou.<br>\u25cfPou\u017eijte <strong>ponorn\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d hladiny<\/strong>&nbsp;(na principu tlaku) k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hladiny kapaliny.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rozbou\u0159en\u00e9 podm\u00ednky<\/td><td><strong>Jev:<\/strong>&nbsp;Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 hodnoty nebo nemo\u017enost detekce hladiny.<br><strong>P\u0159\u00ed\u010dina:<\/strong>&nbsp;N\u00e1hl\u00e9 kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed hladiny kapaliny a jej\u00ed sklon m\u011bn\u00ed dr\u00e1hu sign\u00e1lu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se prodlu\u017euje d\u00e9lka dr\u00e1hy a sni\u017euje s\u00edla sign\u00e1lu.<\/td><td>\u25cfPou\u017eijte <strong>kapacitn\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010d hladiny<\/strong>, na kterou nemaj\u00ed vliv kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed hladiny kapaliny ani jej\u00ed sklon.<br>\u25cfPou\u017eijte <strong>ponorn\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d hladiny<\/strong>&nbsp;(na principu tlaku) k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hladiny kapaliny.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kontakt sondy s kovem<\/td><td><strong>Jev:<\/strong>&nbsp;Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 hodnoty.<br><strong>P\u0159\u00ed\u010dina:<\/strong>&nbsp;Ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny vys\u00edlan\u00e9 sondou se p\u0159i kontaktu s kovem siln\u011b odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed a vibrace kovu nad\u00e1le naru\u0161uj\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/td><td>\u25cf Senzor nemontujte p\u0159\u00edmo na kov; pou\u017eijte <strong>plastov\u00fd adapt\u00e9r nebo dr\u017e\u00e1k<\/strong>.<br>\u25cfPokud nelze instalaci na kovov\u00fd povrch vyhnout, p\u0159idejte <strong>gumov\u00e1 izola\u010dn\u00ed t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>. Pokud jedno t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed nesta\u010d\u00ed, je t\u0159eba pou\u017e\u00edt v\u00edce t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>III. Pojem \u00fahel vyza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0159 <strong>\u00fahel paprsku<\/strong>&nbsp;ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln se vztahuje k <strong>vnit\u0159n\u00ed \u00fahel ku\u017eelovit\u00e9 oblasti<\/strong>&nbsp;ve kter\u00e9m se p\u0159i \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed soust\u0159e\u010fuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ultrazvukov\u00e1 energie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je to <strong>kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd parametr<\/strong>&nbsp;ultrazvukov\u00fdch hladinom\u011br\u016f a bodov\u00fdch hladinom\u011br\u016f (jednotka: stupn\u011b \u00b0), kter\u00e9 ur\u010duj\u00ed oblast pokryt\u00ed ultrazvukem. Jedn\u00e1 se rovn\u011b\u017e o kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd \u00fadaj pro zohledn\u011bn\u00ed kovov\u00fdch konstrukc\u00ed a m\u00edchadel p\u0159i instalaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Vztah mezi \u00fahlem vyza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a frekvenc\u00ed:<\/strong><br>U sond stejn\u00e9 velikosti, <strong>vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed frekvence vede k men\u0161\u00edmu \u00fahlu svazku<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>IV. Rozsah m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a slep\u00e1 z\u00f3na<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Rozsah m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rozsah m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se vztahuje na <strong>maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost, kterou m\u016f\u017ee sonda \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b m\u011b\u0159it<\/strong>. P\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edho rozsahu m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek, \u017ee se m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed neprovede nebo \u017ee bude nep\u0159esn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V praxi se obecn\u011b doporu\u010duje, aby skute\u010dn\u00fd po\u017eadovan\u00fd m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed rozsah \u010dinil <strong>10%\u201320% \u2013 hodnota vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jmenovit\u00fd rozsah uveden\u00fd v technick\u00e9m listu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rozsah m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed souvis\u00ed s <strong>vys\u00edlac\u00ed v\u00fdkon a citlivost p\u0159\u00edjmu<\/strong>. \u010c\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je vys\u00edlac\u00ed v\u00fdkon a \u010d\u00edm lep\u0161\u00ed je citlivost p\u0159\u00edjmu, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed dosah. Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee, <strong>n\u00edzkofrekven\u010dn\u00ed sondy mohou dos\u00e1hnout vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho vys\u00edlac\u00edho v\u00fdkonu<\/strong>, a proto sondy s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edm rozsahem obvykle pracuj\u00ed na ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch frekvenc\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Slep\u00e1 z\u00f3na<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Slep\u00e1 z\u00f3na ozna\u010duje vzd\u00e1lenost p\u0159\u00edmo pod sondou, ve kter\u00e9 nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st p\u0159esn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. P\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed krat\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e je slep\u00e1 z\u00f3na dojde k nep\u0159esn\u00e9mu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nebo k selh\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V praxi se obecn\u011b doporu\u010duje, aby skute\u010dn\u00e1 po\u017eadovan\u00e1 slep\u00e1 z\u00f3na \u010dinila <strong>10%\u201320% je men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e slep\u00e1 z\u00f3na uveden\u00e1 v technick\u00e9m listu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Podstatou slep\u00e9 z\u00f3ny je <strong>zbytkov\u00e9 vibrace piezoelektrick\u00e9 keramiky<\/strong>. Pokud je m\u011b\u0159en\u00fd objekt p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 bl\u00edzko sondy, sn\u00edma\u010d nedok\u00e1\u017ee rozli\u0161it mezi vys\u00edlan\u00fdmi vlnami a zp\u011btn\u00fdmi ozv\u011bnami, co\u017e vede k selh\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee, <strong>Sondy s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed frekvenc\u00ed maj\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed vys\u00edlac\u00ed v\u00fdkon a men\u0161\u00ed zbytkov\u00e9 vibrace<\/strong>, co\u017e vede k men\u0161\u00ed slep\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b. To vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d <strong>M\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed rozsah a slep\u00e1 z\u00f3na ultrazvukov\u00e9ho senzoru jsou v\u017edy \u00fam\u011brn\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>V. Ultrazvukov\u00e1 frekvence<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ultrazvukov\u00e1 frekvence hladinov\u00e9ho nebo bodov\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010de se vztahuje k mechanick\u00fdm vibrac\u00edm<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>frekvence ultrazvukov\u00fdch vln vys\u00edlan\u00fdch sondou, m\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 v kilohertzech (kHz).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u011bt\u0161ina ultrazvukov\u00fdch sond KACISE pracuje v rozsahu 30\u2013200 kHz, pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed rozsahy od 15 m do 1 m a m\u00e1 slep\u00e9 z\u00f3ny v rozmez\u00ed od 0,6 m do 0,1 m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Vztah mezi ultrazvukovou frekvenc\u00ed a p\u0159esnost\u00ed<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed frekvenc\u00ed maj\u00ed krat\u0161\u00ed vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje lep\u0161\u00ed detekci drobn\u00fdch zm\u011bn na odrazov\u00e9m povrchu, co\u017e vede k vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu rozli\u0161en\u00ed a absolutn\u00ed p\u0159esnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ultrazvukov\u00e9 vlny s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed frekvenc\u00ed maj\u00ed del\u0161\u00ed vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky, ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed rozli\u0161en\u00ed a relativn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed absolutn\u00ed p\u0159esnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Absolutn\u00ed p\u0159esnost ozna\u010duje absolutn\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi skute\u010dnou hodnotou a nam\u011b\u0159enou hodnotou. V technick\u00fdch listech se p\u0159esnost obvykle uv\u00e1d\u00ed jako procento z pln\u00e9ho rozsahu (FS).<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I. Measurement Principle An ultrasonic transducer is made of piezoelectric ceramic material. Measurement is achieved through the process of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy and then back into electrical energy, based on the time required for this conversion. In other words, the working principle of an ultrasonic transducer is to emit ultrasonic waves and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23932","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ultrasonic-sensor"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23932","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23932"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23932\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23932"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23932"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23932"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}