{"id":14228,"date":"2023-02-20T10:11:27","date_gmt":"2023-02-20T10:11:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kcsensor.com\/?p=14228"},"modified":"2026-09-26T08:57:38","modified_gmt":"2026-09-26T08:57:38","slug":"influence-of-dielectric-constant-on-radar-level-meter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/es\/influence-of-dielectric-constant-on-radar-level-meter\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f3mo afecta la medici\u00f3n del nivel de radar (gu\u00eda de tabla y selecci\u00f3n)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The dielectric constant (relative permittivity, \u03b5<sub>r<\/sub>) del medio determina cu\u00e1nto de la se\u00f1al de radar se refleja a la antena. Media with \u03b5<sub>r<\/sub> :: El t\u00edtulo 3.6 refleja firmemente y son objetivos f\u00e1ciles;<sub>r<\/sub> hidrocarburos (t\u00edpicamente 1.4-4,0) reflejan s\u00f3lo una peque\u00f1a fracci\u00f3n de la se\u00f1al y requieren <strong>radar de onda gu\u00eda<\/strong> o <strong>radar de alta frecuencia (80 GHz)<\/strong> para una medici\u00f3n fiable com\u00fan afirma que \u201clos l\u00edquidos constantes diel\u00e9ctricos bajos no pueden ser medidos por radar\u201d es, por lo tanto, s\u00f3lo parcialmente cierto: qu\u00e9 cambios es qu\u00e9 radar especifica.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si no est\u00e1 familiarizado con la constante diel\u00e9ctrica, por favor observe este v\u00eddeo para ayudarle a entender los conceptos b\u00e1sicos.<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4hpLxJYEBHA&amp;t\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4hpLxJYEBHA&amp;t<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Lo que es constante diel\u00e9ctrico (\u03b5<sub>r<\/sub>)?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Constante diel\u00e9ctrico, m\u00e1s precisamente <em>relativa<\/em>, describe c\u00f3mo un material responde a un campo el\u00e9ctrico aplicado: cu\u00e1nto carga almacena por voltaje de unidad en comparaci\u00f3n con el vac\u00edo. Para la medici\u00f3n a nivel de radar, importa por una raz\u00f3n: el tama\u00f1o de la reflexi\u00f3n en la superficie media se rige por la <strong>contraste en la permitibilidad<\/strong> entre el medio y el aire (o vapor) sobre \u00e9l. Un contraste grande produce un eco fuerte; un peque\u00f1o contraste produce uno d\u00e9bil.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los dos extremos de la escala pr\u00e1ctica:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>High \u03b5<sub>r<\/sub> (polar, conductive):<\/strong> agua y soluciones acuosas, \u00e1cidos y bases. \u03b5<sub>r<\/sub> para el agua es alrededor de 80 a temperatura ambiente, por lo que la superficie se comporta casi como un espejo de radar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Low \u03b5<sub>r<\/sub> (no polar):<\/strong> hidrocarburos, disolventes y gases licuados. Benzene es alrededor de 2.3 y n-hexano alrededor de 1.9, por lo que la mayor\u00eda del pulso pasa al medio en lugar de regresar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Grupos industriales median en tres bandas, que es un atajo \u00fatil al leer una hoja de especificaci\u00f3n: <strong>no polar<\/strong> (\u03b5)<sub>r<\/sub> &lt; 2.8), <strong>d\u00e9bilmente polar<\/strong> (2.8 \u2264 \u03b5<sub>r<\/sub> \u2264 3.6), y <strong>polar<\/strong> (\u03b5)<sub>r<\/sub> > 3.6).<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Dielectric Constant and Recommended Radar Type<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La tabla abajo pares t\u00edpico \u03b5<sub>r<\/sub> valores con la tecnolog\u00eda de radar que mide cada medio de forma fiable. Los valores son una relativa permittividad a aproximadamente 20 unidadesbsp; \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Medio<\/th>\n<th>\u03b5<sub>r<\/sub> (t\u00edpico)<\/th>\n<th>M\u00e9todo de medici\u00f3n recomendado<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Agua<\/td>\n<td>Entendido 80<\/td>\n<td>radar no contacto \u2014 fuerte eco, caso m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00c1cidos \/ soluciones causticas (conductivas)<\/td>\n<td>Entendido 40-80<\/td>\n<td>radar no contacto con una antena compatible con corrosi\u00f3n (PTFE \/ brida)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Metanol, etanol, acetone<\/td>\n<td>Entendido 20-33<\/td>\n<td>radar no contacto, nivel 80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Alcoholes\/solventes<\/td>\n<td>Entendido 15\u201325<\/td>\n<td>radar no contacto; onda guiada donde la agitaci\u00f3n o una boquilla estrecha limita el haz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00c1cido ac\u00e9tico<\/td>\n<td>\u25a0 6.2<\/td>\n<td>radar no contacto (80 p.bsp;GHz recomendado)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Aceites comestibles y aceites de proceso<\/td>\n<td>Entendido 2-5<\/td>\n<td>80 dmbsp; radar no contacto de GHz, o radar de onda gu\u00eda donde se dispone de un pozo de quietud<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hidrocarburos\/gasolina\/benceno<\/td>\n<td>\u25a0 1.8\u20132.3<\/td>\n<td>radar de onda gu\u00eda (mejor se\u00f1al), o 80 curvanbsp; radar no contacto<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gas licuado de petr\u00f3leo, No 4 solvente<\/td>\n<td>Entendido 1.4\u20131.8<\/td>\n<td>radar de onda gu\u00eda solamente<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Polvos y s\u00f3lidos (industria)<\/td>\n<td>en general<\/td>\n<td>80 c\u00famulo; radar no contacto de GHz; onda guiada si se puede tolerar la acumulaci\u00f3n en la sonda<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tabla: constante diel\u00e9ctrica (permisibilidad relativa) y m\u00e9todo de medici\u00f3n recomendado. Valores a \u266520 \u00b0C, compilados de tablas de referencia est\u00e1ndar de propiedad f\u00edsica (CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics) y la documentaci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica del fabricante de instrumentos. Los valores var\u00edan con temperatura, pureza y frecuencia de medici\u00f3n \u2014 confirman en contra de su punto medio#8217; s datasheet antes de especificar.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>L\u00edquidos comunes y su permiso relativo<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para el trabajo de referencia, la lista m\u00e1s larga a continuaci\u00f3n cubre los solventes que generan la mayor\u00eda de las investigaciones de medici\u00f3n de nivel. Los valores son una relativa autorizaci\u00f3n a temperatura ambiente.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Liquid<\/th>\n<th>\u03b5<sub>r<\/sub><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Agua (agua) H<sub>2<\/sub>O)<\/td>\n<td>78.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00c1cido formico (HCOOH)<\/td>\n<td>58.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>N,N-dimetilformamide (DMF)<\/td>\n<td>36.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Metanol (CH)<sub>3<\/sub>OH)<\/td>\n<td>32.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ethanol (C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>5<\/sub>OH)<\/td>\n<td>24.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Acetone (CH)<sub>3<\/sub>COCH<sub>3<\/sub>)<\/td>\n<td>20.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>n-Hexanol<\/td>\n<td>13.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00c1cido ac\u00e9tico<\/td>\n<td>6.15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Benzene (C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>)<\/td>\n<td>2.28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tetracloruro de carbono (CCl<sub>4<\/sub>)<\/td>\n<td>2.24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>n-Hexano (C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>14<\/sub>)<\/td>\n<td>1.88<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>No 4 solvente<\/td>\n<td>1.78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tabla - relativa permiso de l\u00edquidos comunes a temperatura ambiente (valores de referencia est\u00e1ndar)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3a8a1933 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" data-dominant-color=\"f4f4f4\" data-has-transparency=\"true\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f4f4f4;\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"554\" height=\"675\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Commonly-Used-Dielectric-Constant-Table1.png\" alt=\"Tabla de referencia de valores constantes diel\u00e9ctricos relativos para gases, vapores y s\u00f3lidos\" class=\"wp-image-14229 has-transparency\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Commonly-Used-Dielectric-Constant-Table1.png 554w, https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Commonly-Used-Dielectric-Constant-Table1-246x300.png 246w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 554px) 100vw, 554px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fig. 1 \u2014 Reference values: relative dielectric constant of common gases, vapours and solids.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" data-dominant-color=\"f6f6f6\" data-has-transparency=\"true\" style=\"--dominant-color: #f6f6f6;\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"554\" height=\"386\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Commonly-Used-Dielectric-Constant-Table2.png\" alt=\"Tabla de referencia de valores constantes diel\u00e9ctricos relativos para l\u00edquidos y materiales s\u00f3lidos\" class=\"wp-image-14230 has-transparency\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Commonly-Used-Dielectric-Constant-Table2.png 554w, https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Commonly-Used-Dielectric-Constant-Table2-300x209.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 554px) 100vw, 554px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fig. 2 \u2014 Reference values continued: relative dielectric constant of liquids and solid materials.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How \u03b5<sub>r<\/sub> Afectos Radar gu\u00eda de agua<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El radar de onda gu\u00eda env\u00eda un pulso de baja energ\u00eda a una sonda (por cable de acero o varilla). En el l\u00edmite de sonda\/media, el cambio de constante diel\u00e9ctrica refleja parte de la espalda del pulso; el resto contin\u00faa por debajo de la sonda. Debido a que el pulso se gu\u00eda en lugar de irradiar, el eco no depende de una superficie plana o de una viga amplia, por lo que la onda gu\u00eda se enfrenta a la turbulencia, superficies inclinadas y \u03b5 muy bajo<sub>r<\/sub> medios que derrotar\u00edan a una unidad de no contacto.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bandas pr\u00e1cticas para la selecci\u00f3n de ondas guiadas:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Productos de petr\u00f3leo e hidrocarburos en servicio petroqu\u00edmico: 1.4 \u2264 \u03b5<sub>r<\/sub> \u2264 4.0<\/li>\n<li>Alcoholes, disolventes org\u00e1nicos y mezclas aceite-agua: 4.0 \u2264 \u03b5<sub>r<\/sub> \u2264 10.0<\/li>\n<li>L\u00edquidos conductores como soluciones acuosas, \u00e1cidos diluidos y bases: \u03b5<sub>r<\/sub> > 10.0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El radar de onda gu\u00eda tambi\u00e9n puede medir una interfaz de gas\/liquid, gas\/s\u00f3lido o l\u00edquido\/l\u00edquido, que es la soluci\u00f3n est\u00e1ndar para la detecci\u00f3n de l\u00edmites de petr\u00f3leo-agua en separadores y sumideros.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How \u03b5<sub>r<\/sub> Afecta a Radar sin contacto<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3a8a1933 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El radar no contacto irradia de una antena y se basa en la reflexi\u00f3n de la superficie del producto. Cuanto m\u00e1s alta sea la constante diel\u00e9ctrica, m\u00e1s fuerte ser\u00e1 la reflexi\u00f3n y, siendo igual, mayor ser\u00e1 el alcance que puedas alcanzar. Mientras m\u00e1s el objetivo, m\u00e1s se\u00f1al se pierde para la propagaci\u00f3n del haz y la atenuaci\u00f3n, por lo que un bajo \u03b5<sub>r<\/sub> el medio tiene que estar m\u00e1s cerca de la antena para la misma confiabilidad.<br \/>El radar moderno 80 GHz (en onda de mil\u00edmetro) resuelve en gran medida la limitaci\u00f3n hist\u00f3rica: un rango de se\u00f1al din\u00e1mica mucho mayor y un rayo m\u00e1s estrecho y concentrado significa que los medios de bajo \u03b5r pueden medirse m\u00e1s estilmente que con instrumentos mayores de 26 GHz. Nuestro rango de sensor de nivel de radar de 80 GHz se especifica exactamente para este deber, por ejemplo, el sensor de nivel de radar KLD804 alcanza la precisi\u00f3n de \u00b12 mm con una zona ciega m\u00ednima de 0.05 m, y est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado expl\u00edcitamente para mantener la medici\u00f3n en medios constantes, adhesi\u00f3n y condensaci\u00f3n bajos.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" data-dominant-color=\"dfe1e1\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Influence-of-Dielectric-Constant-on-Radar-Level-Meter-1-jpg.webp\" alt=\"Influencia de la constante diel\u00e9ctrica en el medidor de nivel de radar\" class=\"wp-image-17192 not-transparent\" style=\"--dominant-color: #dfe1e1; width:367px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Influence-of-Dielectric-Constant-on-Radar-Level-Meter-1-jpg.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Influence-of-Dielectric-Constant-on-Radar-Level-Meter-1-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Influence-of-Dielectric-Constant-on-Radar-Level-Meter-1-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Influence-of-Dielectric-Constant-on-Radar-Level-Meter-1-100x100.webp 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Measuring Low-\u03b5<sub>r<\/sub> Media (\u03b5)<sub>r<\/sub> &lt; 2.5): 80 manzananbsp;GHz vs Guided Wave<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A continuaci\u00f3n, aproximadamente \u03b5<sub>r<\/sub> = 2.5, la reflexi\u00f3n es lo suficientemente d\u00e9bil que la elecci\u00f3n de instrumentos deja de ser una preferencia y se convierte en una limitaci\u00f3n. Las dos opciones viables tienen diferentes l\u00edmites:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Situaci\u00f3n<\/th>\n<th>Elija<\/th>\n<th>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9?<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u03b5<sub>r<\/sub> 1.8\u20132.5, l\u00edquido limpio, boquilla grande, sin acumulaci\u00f3n en una sonda<\/td>\n<td>80 contactobsp;GHz non-contact radar<\/td>\n<td>Rango din\u00e1mico de onda milimetre recupera el eco d\u00e9bil; nada se pone en contacto con el producto<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u03b5<sub>r<\/sub> 1.4\u20131.8, o una c\u00e1mara de bienestar\/bepass que se encuentra disponible<\/td>\n<td>radar de onda gu\u00eda<\/td>\n<td>El pulso se gu\u00eda a lo largo de la sonda, por lo que la p\u00e9rdida del camino es m\u00ednima y la reflexi\u00f3n d\u00e9bil es todav\u00eda detectable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Superficie turbulenta, espuma o un nivel l\u00edquido fuertemente inclinado<\/td>\n<td>radar de onda gu\u00eda<\/td>\n<td>El eco no depende de una superficie plana y horizontal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Medios agresivos, servicio higi\u00e9nico o construcci\u00f3n que fomentar\u00eda una sonda<\/td>\n<td>80 contactobsp;GHz non-contact radar<\/td>\n<td>Sin sonda h\u00fameda para limpiar o corroer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Interfaz l\u00edquido\/liquid (oil\u2013agua)<\/td>\n<td>radar de onda gu\u00eda<\/td>\n<td>Resuelve el reflejo de la interfaz, no s\u00f3lo la superficie superior<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tall silo con s\u00f3lidos polvorientos, muy largo alcance<\/td>\n<td>80 contactobsp;GHz non-contact radar<\/td>\n<td>haz estrecho y alto rango din\u00e1mico, no afectado por polvo y condensaci\u00f3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tabla \u2014 l\u00edmites de selecci\u00f3n para medios de comunicaci\u00f3n constantes bajas<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cuando un tanque no tiene una boquilla adecuada para 80 curvanbsp; radar no contacto de GHz ni un pozo de quietud para una sonda, la alternativa pr\u00e1ctica es cambiar el principio de medici\u00f3n en conjunto en lugar de aceptar una lectura de radar no fiable \u2014 un instrumento capacitivo o hidrost\u00e1tico puede ser la respuesta correcta de ingenier\u00eda.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Medici\u00f3n de la interfaz: Qu\u00e9 \u03b5<sub>r<\/sub> Requisitos<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tanto el radar de onda gu\u00eda como el radar no contacto pueden medir una interfaz siguiendo la parte del pulso que no se refleja en la superficie superior hasta el producto inferior. Los requisitos son m\u00e1s estrictos que para un nivel simple:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>radar de onda gu\u00eda:<\/strong> el m\u00e9dium superior se requiere normalmente para tener al menos 10\u201320 cm de espesor para que los dos ecos puedan ser resueltos; el \u03b5 medio superior<sub>r<\/sub> debe estar por debajo de aproximadamente 3 y el inferior por encima de alrededor de 20, con una diferencia superior a 10.<\/li>\n<li><strong>radar no contacto:<\/strong> las constantes diel\u00e9ctricas de ambos productos deben ser conocidas y estables, y la diferencia entre ellos debe ser mayor que alrededor de 6.<\/li>\n<li>En ambos casos, la medici\u00f3n se degrada si la capa superior se emulsiona, si su espesor var\u00eda r\u00e1pidamente, o si la espuma se encuentra en cualquiera de los l\u00edmites.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Elegir el radar adecuado para su l\u00edquido<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un breve resumen de selecci\u00f3n: el agua y las soluciones acuosas son el caso f\u00e1cil: el radar est\u00e1ndar no contacto los maneja. Solvents y aceites ligeros se sientan en la banda media y generalmente quieren 80 plombsp;GHz. Los hidrocarburos y los gases licuados son el caso dif\u00edcil y generalmente quieren onda guiada. Si su tanque es remoto y el cableado es la limitaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s que el medio, un esquema de radar inal\u00e1mbrico cambia la econom\u00eda de instalaci\u00f3n \u2014 vea nuestra <a href=\"\/es\/433m-wireless-radar-technical-solution\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">433 pulsanbsp;M soluci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica de radar inal\u00e1mbrico<\/a>, y para la comparaci\u00f3n de cabeza a cabeza entre las dos tecnolog\u00edas le\u00eddas <a href=\"\/es\/80g-radar-vs-guided-wave-radar-which-one-has-the-advantage\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">80 contactobsp;GHz radar vs led-wave radar<\/a>. El cat\u00e1logo completo se encuentra bajo <a href=\"\/es\/product-category\/radar-level-sensor\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">sensores de nivel por radar<\/a>, con modelos de onda gu\u00eda en un <a href=\"\/es\/product-category\/radar-level-sensor\/guided-wave-radar\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">categor\u00eda especial<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Preguntas frecuentes<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-17f477d5 wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b7d9c19b wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-safe-svg-svg-icon safe-svg-cover\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<div class=\"safe-svg-inside safe-svg-inline\" style=\"width: 32px; height: 32px; background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--); color: var(--wp--preset--color--); padding-top: ; padding-right: ; padding-bottom: ; padding-left: ; margin-top: ; margin-right: ; margin-bottom: ; margin-left: ;\"><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?> <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" class=\"icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 1024 1024\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\"><path d=\"M358.70592 758.7456c-33.01888-30.9504-54.48448-68.19072-64.29056-111.7952-11.46752-50.99264-3.54176-99.89632 18.03264-146.9696 17.74592-38.71744 42.84416-72.6208 69.29024-105.6384 28.12416-35.1104 57.45792-69.28384 82.5088-106.77248 15.18592-22.7264 29.34016-46.01984 39.91552-71.3216 0.4928-1.1776 1.05856-2.33216 1.68064-3.44704 1.70624-3.05152 4.27008-4.57856 7.83872-4.57472 3.72224 0.00384 6.03648 1.98784 7.38048 5.14048 24.1536 56.64384 61.8368 104.25728 100.50816 151.27936 27.07712 32.92416 54.592 65.536 76.032 102.6944 17.06496 29.57568 30.71488 60.416 36.49408 94.25536 10.65856 62.4064-3.3728 119.11936-41.35808 169.50016-37.87136 50.22848-89.12384 79.04768-151.0592 86.68288-69.376 8.55424-130.6048-11.64928-182.97344-59.0336m234.77248-308.38784c-4.71168-6.65984-10.2016-12.57728-16.7936-17.41824-27.78368-20.40832-58.83648-24.52736-91.15392-15.51872-30.048 8.37376-52.27264 26.62144-60.46464 58.32832-3.8144 14.76096 11.6224 29.66528 26.5024 26.29632 10.26304-2.32448 15.936-9.09952 19.61472-18.3296 5.1968-13.0496 14.19776-22.25408 27.95136-25.984 7.39456-2.00576 14.9824-1.72672 22.71232-1.472 20.41088 0.672 41.17248 19.92576 34.42432 48.6016-2.8928 12.2944-11.34976 20.73344-19.96032 29.07392-9.1776 8.8896-19.29088 16.81408-27.35744 26.84928-10.16704 12.65024-16.73984 26.74816-16.91904 43.2064-0.1408 13.03552 7.54816 21.3248 20.28928 22.65344 12.3136 1.28256 20.4096-4.6528 22.51136-18.00192 2.26432-14.37952 9.792-25.08672 20.4608-34.2912 8.55168-7.37664 16.9856-14.91968 25.09824-22.77376 29.64992-28.70272 34.8224-67.61216 13.08416-101.21984M546.4448 689.152c3.58912-15.9744-8.8192-34.05568-25.41568-37.0368-18.91072-3.39584-37.376 9.43616-39.45856 27.424-1.87008 16.13824 10.0352 32.6208 25.66784 35.53536 17.69728 3.29984 34.2528-7.27168 39.2064-25.92256z\" fill=\"#d81e06\"><\/path><\/svg> <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>P: \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la m\u00ednima constante diel\u00e9ctrica que un radar no contacto puede medir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b7d9c19b wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-safe-svg-svg-icon safe-svg-cover\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<div class=\"safe-svg-inside safe-svg-inline\" style=\"width: 32px; height: 32px; background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--); color: var(--wp--preset--color--); padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0;\"><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?> <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" class=\"icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 1024 1024\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\"><path d=\"M501.0496 225.9008c1.9776-4.30848 3.3792-8.41984 5.65248-11.9744 3.82464-5.98656 11.03232-5.89184 13.73056 0.51968 27.92704 66.35136 74.78016 119.73888 119.27424 174.7456 25.23776 31.20128 49.71008 62.8992 68.15104 98.80448 17.57952 34.2272 28.4416 70.3424 29.28128 108.89088 0.8832 40.52608-9.22368 78.46144-30.06976 113.39008-32.99328 55.27936-80.94464 90.8096-143.59424 104.55296-76.60288 16.80256-145.1776-1.41696-203.41376-54.08384-39.3472-35.584-62.4128-80.41984-68.70272-133.44512-6.31808-53.26336 6.912-102.2336 32.6464-148.46336 21.2736-38.2208 48.8768-71.87584 76.31104-105.62432 32.3008-39.73248 64.4672-79.53536 89.2032-124.6592 3.9936-7.28576 7.57376-14.79808 11.53024-22.65344m-36.41216 378.90304c-15.41376-15.35232-30.78784-30.7456-46.26176-46.03648-6.16832-6.09536-10.1184-6.1056-16.38016-0.01024a1031.35872 1031.35872 0 0 0-22.57792 22.6496c-6.88768 7.13344-6.80448 9.34144 0.13696 16.43136 16.2624 16.6144 32.58112 33.17248 48.8448 49.78432 13.8752 14.17216 27.62752 28.46336 41.58464 42.55104 6.6816 6.7456 11.33696 6.4768 17.856-0.44032 1.16992-1.2416 2.26432-2.55232 3.38816-3.83616 40.47488-46.19008 80.93952-92.3904 121.43104-138.5664 12.512-14.26944 25.09056-28.48 37.664-42.69568 3.30496-3.7376 5.07136-7.7952 1.09696-11.89504-8.45696-8.72704-17.0624-17.3184-25.85088-25.71008-3.54688-3.38688-7.74016-3.2768-11.52256 0.06784-2.0736 1.83296-4.1024 3.73504-5.9776 5.7664-16.48256 17.85728-32.98944 35.69536-49.36704 53.64864-23.70688 25.98528-47.32544 52.0512-70.9568 78.1056-13.6 14.99648-9.64224 12.96512-23.10784 0.1856z\" fill=\"#21a529\"><\/path><\/svg> <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A:<\/strong> Los fabricantes suelen especificar un m\u00ednimo de aproximadamente \u03b5<sub>r<\/sub> 1.5\u20132 para radar no contacto. Debajo de eso, el radar de onda gu\u00eda es la tecnolog\u00eda recomendada, ya que el pulso se gu\u00eda a lo largo de una sonda en lugar de radiarse a trav\u00e9s del aire.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b7d9c19b wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-safe-svg-svg-icon safe-svg-cover\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<div class=\"safe-svg-inside safe-svg-inline\" style=\"width: 32px; height: 32px; background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--); color: var(--wp--preset--color--); padding-top: ; padding-right: ; padding-bottom: ; padding-left: ; margin-top: ; margin-right: ; margin-bottom: ; margin-left: ;\"><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?> <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" class=\"icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 1024 1024\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\"><path d=\"M358.70592 758.7456c-33.01888-30.9504-54.48448-68.19072-64.29056-111.7952-11.46752-50.99264-3.54176-99.89632 18.03264-146.9696 17.74592-38.71744 42.84416-72.6208 69.29024-105.6384 28.12416-35.1104 57.45792-69.28384 82.5088-106.77248 15.18592-22.7264 29.34016-46.01984 39.91552-71.3216 0.4928-1.1776 1.05856-2.33216 1.68064-3.44704 1.70624-3.05152 4.27008-4.57856 7.83872-4.57472 3.72224 0.00384 6.03648 1.98784 7.38048 5.14048 24.1536 56.64384 61.8368 104.25728 100.50816 151.27936 27.07712 32.92416 54.592 65.536 76.032 102.6944 17.06496 29.57568 30.71488 60.416 36.49408 94.25536 10.65856 62.4064-3.3728 119.11936-41.35808 169.50016-37.87136 50.22848-89.12384 79.04768-151.0592 86.68288-69.376 8.55424-130.6048-11.64928-182.97344-59.0336m234.77248-308.38784c-4.71168-6.65984-10.2016-12.57728-16.7936-17.41824-27.78368-20.40832-58.83648-24.52736-91.15392-15.51872-30.048 8.37376-52.27264 26.62144-60.46464 58.32832-3.8144 14.76096 11.6224 29.66528 26.5024 26.29632 10.26304-2.32448 15.936-9.09952 19.61472-18.3296 5.1968-13.0496 14.19776-22.25408 27.95136-25.984 7.39456-2.00576 14.9824-1.72672 22.71232-1.472 20.41088 0.672 41.17248 19.92576 34.42432 48.6016-2.8928 12.2944-11.34976 20.73344-19.96032 29.07392-9.1776 8.8896-19.29088 16.81408-27.35744 26.84928-10.16704 12.65024-16.73984 26.74816-16.91904 43.2064-0.1408 13.03552 7.54816 21.3248 20.28928 22.65344 12.3136 1.28256 20.4096-4.6528 22.51136-18.00192 2.26432-14.37952 9.792-25.08672 20.4608-34.2912 8.55168-7.37664 16.9856-14.91968 25.09824-22.77376 29.64992-28.70272 34.8224-67.61216 13.08416-101.21984M546.4448 689.152c3.58912-15.9744-8.8192-34.05568-25.41568-37.0368-18.91072-3.39584-37.376 9.43616-39.45856 27.424-1.87008 16.13824 10.0352 32.6208 25.66784 35.53536 17.69728 3.29984 34.2528-7.27168 39.2064-25.92256z\" fill=\"#d81e06\"><\/path><\/svg> <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>P: \u00bfQu\u00e9 diferencia constante diel\u00e9ctrica es necesaria para la medici\u00f3n de la interfaz de agua y aceite?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b7d9c19b wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-safe-svg-svg-icon safe-svg-cover\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<div class=\"safe-svg-inside safe-svg-inline\" style=\"width: 32px; height: 32px; background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--); color: var(--wp--preset--color--); padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0;\"><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?> <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" class=\"icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 1024 1024\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\"><path d=\"M501.0496 225.9008c1.9776-4.30848 3.3792-8.41984 5.65248-11.9744 3.82464-5.98656 11.03232-5.89184 13.73056 0.51968 27.92704 66.35136 74.78016 119.73888 119.27424 174.7456 25.23776 31.20128 49.71008 62.8992 68.15104 98.80448 17.57952 34.2272 28.4416 70.3424 29.28128 108.89088 0.8832 40.52608-9.22368 78.46144-30.06976 113.39008-32.99328 55.27936-80.94464 90.8096-143.59424 104.55296-76.60288 16.80256-145.1776-1.41696-203.41376-54.08384-39.3472-35.584-62.4128-80.41984-68.70272-133.44512-6.31808-53.26336 6.912-102.2336 32.6464-148.46336 21.2736-38.2208 48.8768-71.87584 76.31104-105.62432 32.3008-39.73248 64.4672-79.53536 89.2032-124.6592 3.9936-7.28576 7.57376-14.79808 11.53024-22.65344m-36.41216 378.90304c-15.41376-15.35232-30.78784-30.7456-46.26176-46.03648-6.16832-6.09536-10.1184-6.1056-16.38016-0.01024a1031.35872 1031.35872 0 0 0-22.57792 22.6496c-6.88768 7.13344-6.80448 9.34144 0.13696 16.43136 16.2624 16.6144 32.58112 33.17248 48.8448 49.78432 13.8752 14.17216 27.62752 28.46336 41.58464 42.55104 6.6816 6.7456 11.33696 6.4768 17.856-0.44032 1.16992-1.2416 2.26432-2.55232 3.38816-3.83616 40.47488-46.19008 80.93952-92.3904 121.43104-138.5664 12.512-14.26944 25.09056-28.48 37.664-42.69568 3.30496-3.7376 5.07136-7.7952 1.09696-11.89504-8.45696-8.72704-17.0624-17.3184-25.85088-25.71008-3.54688-3.38688-7.74016-3.2768-11.52256 0.06784-2.0736 1.83296-4.1024 3.73504-5.9776 5.7664-16.48256 17.85728-32.98944 35.69536-49.36704 53.64864-23.70688 25.98528-47.32544 52.0512-70.9568 78.1056-13.6 14.99648-9.64224 12.96512-23.10784 0.1856z\" fill=\"#21a529\"><\/path><\/svg> <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A:<\/strong> El radar de onda gu\u00eda normalmente necesita el medio superior inferior al \u03b5<sub>r<\/sub> 3 y el m\u00e1s bajo sobre 20, con una diferencia superior a 10; el radar no contacto requiere una diferencia mayor que alrededor de 6. Ambos medios deben haber sabido, constantes diel\u00e9ctricas estables.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b7d9c19b wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-safe-svg-svg-icon safe-svg-cover\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<div class=\"safe-svg-inside safe-svg-inline\" style=\"width: 32px; height: 32px; background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--); color: var(--wp--preset--color--); padding-top: ; padding-right: ; padding-bottom: ; padding-left: ; margin-top: ; margin-right: ; margin-bottom: ; margin-left: ;\"><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?> <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" class=\"icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 1024 1024\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\"><path d=\"M358.70592 758.7456c-33.01888-30.9504-54.48448-68.19072-64.29056-111.7952-11.46752-50.99264-3.54176-99.89632 18.03264-146.9696 17.74592-38.71744 42.84416-72.6208 69.29024-105.6384 28.12416-35.1104 57.45792-69.28384 82.5088-106.77248 15.18592-22.7264 29.34016-46.01984 39.91552-71.3216 0.4928-1.1776 1.05856-2.33216 1.68064-3.44704 1.70624-3.05152 4.27008-4.57856 7.83872-4.57472 3.72224 0.00384 6.03648 1.98784 7.38048 5.14048 24.1536 56.64384 61.8368 104.25728 100.50816 151.27936 27.07712 32.92416 54.592 65.536 76.032 102.6944 17.06496 29.57568 30.71488 60.416 36.49408 94.25536 10.65856 62.4064-3.3728 119.11936-41.35808 169.50016-37.87136 50.22848-89.12384 79.04768-151.0592 86.68288-69.376 8.55424-130.6048-11.64928-182.97344-59.0336m234.77248-308.38784c-4.71168-6.65984-10.2016-12.57728-16.7936-17.41824-27.78368-20.40832-58.83648-24.52736-91.15392-15.51872-30.048 8.37376-52.27264 26.62144-60.46464 58.32832-3.8144 14.76096 11.6224 29.66528 26.5024 26.29632 10.26304-2.32448 15.936-9.09952 19.61472-18.3296 5.1968-13.0496 14.19776-22.25408 27.95136-25.984 7.39456-2.00576 14.9824-1.72672 22.71232-1.472 20.41088 0.672 41.17248 19.92576 34.42432 48.6016-2.8928 12.2944-11.34976 20.73344-19.96032 29.07392-9.1776 8.8896-19.29088 16.81408-27.35744 26.84928-10.16704 12.65024-16.73984 26.74816-16.91904 43.2064-0.1408 13.03552 7.54816 21.3248 20.28928 22.65344 12.3136 1.28256 20.4096-4.6528 22.51136-18.00192 2.26432-14.37952 9.792-25.08672 20.4608-34.2912 8.55168-7.37664 16.9856-14.91968 25.09824-22.77376 29.64992-28.70272 34.8224-67.61216 13.08416-101.21984M546.4448 689.152c3.58912-15.9744-8.8192-34.05568-25.41568-37.0368-18.91072-3.39584-37.376 9.43616-39.45856 27.424-1.87008 16.13824 10.0352 32.6208 25.66784 35.53536 17.69728 3.29984 34.2528-7.27168 39.2064-25.92256z\" fill=\"#d81e06\"><\/path><\/svg> <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>P: \u00bfLa espuma afecta la medici\u00f3n del nivel de radar en l\u00edquidos de bajo \u03b5r?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b7d9c19b wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-safe-svg-svg-icon safe-svg-cover\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<div class=\"safe-svg-inside safe-svg-inline\" style=\"width: 32px; height: 32px; background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--); color: var(--wp--preset--color--); padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0;\"><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?> <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" class=\"icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 1024 1024\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\"><path d=\"M501.0496 225.9008c1.9776-4.30848 3.3792-8.41984 5.65248-11.9744 3.82464-5.98656 11.03232-5.89184 13.73056 0.51968 27.92704 66.35136 74.78016 119.73888 119.27424 174.7456 25.23776 31.20128 49.71008 62.8992 68.15104 98.80448 17.57952 34.2272 28.4416 70.3424 29.28128 108.89088 0.8832 40.52608-9.22368 78.46144-30.06976 113.39008-32.99328 55.27936-80.94464 90.8096-143.59424 104.55296-76.60288 16.80256-145.1776-1.41696-203.41376-54.08384-39.3472-35.584-62.4128-80.41984-68.70272-133.44512-6.31808-53.26336 6.912-102.2336 32.6464-148.46336 21.2736-38.2208 48.8768-71.87584 76.31104-105.62432 32.3008-39.73248 64.4672-79.53536 89.2032-124.6592 3.9936-7.28576 7.57376-14.79808 11.53024-22.65344m-36.41216 378.90304c-15.41376-15.35232-30.78784-30.7456-46.26176-46.03648-6.16832-6.09536-10.1184-6.1056-16.38016-0.01024a1031.35872 1031.35872 0 0 0-22.57792 22.6496c-6.88768 7.13344-6.80448 9.34144 0.13696 16.43136 16.2624 16.6144 32.58112 33.17248 48.8448 49.78432 13.8752 14.17216 27.62752 28.46336 41.58464 42.55104 6.6816 6.7456 11.33696 6.4768 17.856-0.44032 1.16992-1.2416 2.26432-2.55232 3.38816-3.83616 40.47488-46.19008 80.93952-92.3904 121.43104-138.5664 12.512-14.26944 25.09056-28.48 37.664-42.69568 3.30496-3.7376 5.07136-7.7952 1.09696-11.89504-8.45696-8.72704-17.0624-17.3184-25.85088-25.71008-3.54688-3.38688-7.74016-3.2768-11.52256 0.06784-2.0736 1.83296-4.1024 3.73504-5.9776 5.7664-16.48256 17.85728-32.98944 35.69536-49.36704 53.64864-23.70688 25.98528-47.32544 52.0512-70.9568 78.1056-13.6 14.99648-9.64224 12.96512-23.10784 0.1856z\" fill=\"#21a529\"><\/path><\/svg> <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A:<\/strong> S\u00ed. Foam a\u00f1ade una segunda capa reflexiva difusa y atenua la se\u00f1al antes de que llegue a la superficie real. On low-\u03b5<sub>r<\/sub> medios de comunicaci\u00f3n, el margen ya es delgado, por lo que el radar de onda gu\u00eda \u2014 cuyo eco no depende de una superficie plana\u2014 es normalmente la opci\u00f3n m\u00e1s segura.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b7d9c19b wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-safe-svg-svg-icon safe-svg-cover\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<div class=\"safe-svg-inside safe-svg-inline\" style=\"width: 32px; height: 32px; background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--); color: var(--wp--preset--color--); padding-top: ; padding-right: ; padding-bottom: ; padding-left: ; margin-top: ; margin-right: ; margin-bottom: ; margin-left: ;\"><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?> <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" class=\"icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 1024 1024\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\"><path d=\"M358.70592 758.7456c-33.01888-30.9504-54.48448-68.19072-64.29056-111.7952-11.46752-50.99264-3.54176-99.89632 18.03264-146.9696 17.74592-38.71744 42.84416-72.6208 69.29024-105.6384 28.12416-35.1104 57.45792-69.28384 82.5088-106.77248 15.18592-22.7264 29.34016-46.01984 39.91552-71.3216 0.4928-1.1776 1.05856-2.33216 1.68064-3.44704 1.70624-3.05152 4.27008-4.57856 7.83872-4.57472 3.72224 0.00384 6.03648 1.98784 7.38048 5.14048 24.1536 56.64384 61.8368 104.25728 100.50816 151.27936 27.07712 32.92416 54.592 65.536 76.032 102.6944 17.06496 29.57568 30.71488 60.416 36.49408 94.25536 10.65856 62.4064-3.3728 119.11936-41.35808 169.50016-37.87136 50.22848-89.12384 79.04768-151.0592 86.68288-69.376 8.55424-130.6048-11.64928-182.97344-59.0336m234.77248-308.38784c-4.71168-6.65984-10.2016-12.57728-16.7936-17.41824-27.78368-20.40832-58.83648-24.52736-91.15392-15.51872-30.048 8.37376-52.27264 26.62144-60.46464 58.32832-3.8144 14.76096 11.6224 29.66528 26.5024 26.29632 10.26304-2.32448 15.936-9.09952 19.61472-18.3296 5.1968-13.0496 14.19776-22.25408 27.95136-25.984 7.39456-2.00576 14.9824-1.72672 22.71232-1.472 20.41088 0.672 41.17248 19.92576 34.42432 48.6016-2.8928 12.2944-11.34976 20.73344-19.96032 29.07392-9.1776 8.8896-19.29088 16.81408-27.35744 26.84928-10.16704 12.65024-16.73984 26.74816-16.91904 43.2064-0.1408 13.03552 7.54816 21.3248 20.28928 22.65344 12.3136 1.28256 20.4096-4.6528 22.51136-18.00192 2.26432-14.37952 9.792-25.08672 20.4608-34.2912 8.55168-7.37664 16.9856-14.91968 25.09824-22.77376 29.64992-28.70272 34.8224-67.61216 13.08416-101.21984M546.4448 689.152c3.58912-15.9744-8.8192-34.05568-25.41568-37.0368-18.91072-3.39584-37.376 9.43616-39.45856 27.424-1.87008 16.13824 10.0352 32.6208 25.66784 35.53536 17.69728 3.29984 34.2528-7.27168 39.2064-25.92256z\" fill=\"#d81e06\"><\/path><\/svg> <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>P: \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la constante diel\u00e9ctrica del agua?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b7d9c19b wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-safe-svg-svg-icon safe-svg-cover\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<div class=\"safe-svg-inside safe-svg-inline\" style=\"width: 32px; height: 32px; background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--); color: var(--wp--preset--color--); padding-top: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0;\"><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?> <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" class=\"icon\" viewbox=\"0 0 1024 1024\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\"><path d=\"M501.0496 225.9008c1.9776-4.30848 3.3792-8.41984 5.65248-11.9744 3.82464-5.98656 11.03232-5.89184 13.73056 0.51968 27.92704 66.35136 74.78016 119.73888 119.27424 174.7456 25.23776 31.20128 49.71008 62.8992 68.15104 98.80448 17.57952 34.2272 28.4416 70.3424 29.28128 108.89088 0.8832 40.52608-9.22368 78.46144-30.06976 113.39008-32.99328 55.27936-80.94464 90.8096-143.59424 104.55296-76.60288 16.80256-145.1776-1.41696-203.41376-54.08384-39.3472-35.584-62.4128-80.41984-68.70272-133.44512-6.31808-53.26336 6.912-102.2336 32.6464-148.46336 21.2736-38.2208 48.8768-71.87584 76.31104-105.62432 32.3008-39.73248 64.4672-79.53536 89.2032-124.6592 3.9936-7.28576 7.57376-14.79808 11.53024-22.65344m-36.41216 378.90304c-15.41376-15.35232-30.78784-30.7456-46.26176-46.03648-6.16832-6.09536-10.1184-6.1056-16.38016-0.01024a1031.35872 1031.35872 0 0 0-22.57792 22.6496c-6.88768 7.13344-6.80448 9.34144 0.13696 16.43136 16.2624 16.6144 32.58112 33.17248 48.8448 49.78432 13.8752 14.17216 27.62752 28.46336 41.58464 42.55104 6.6816 6.7456 11.33696 6.4768 17.856-0.44032 1.16992-1.2416 2.26432-2.55232 3.38816-3.83616 40.47488-46.19008 80.93952-92.3904 121.43104-138.5664 12.512-14.26944 25.09056-28.48 37.664-42.69568 3.30496-3.7376 5.07136-7.7952 1.09696-11.89504-8.45696-8.72704-17.0624-17.3184-25.85088-25.71008-3.54688-3.38688-7.74016-3.2768-11.52256 0.06784-2.0736 1.83296-4.1024 3.73504-5.9776 5.7664-16.48256 17.85728-32.98944 35.69536-49.36704 53.64864-23.70688 25.98528-47.32544 52.0512-70.9568 78.1056-13.6 14.99648-9.64224 12.96512-23.10784 0.1856z\" fill=\"#21a529\"><\/path><\/svg> <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A:<\/strong> El agua tiene una alta autorizaci\u00f3n relativa de unos 80 a temperatura ambiente, lo que da un eco de radar muy fuerte y lo hace el medio m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil de medir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Referencias<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vega, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vega.com\/en\/products\/product-catalog\/level\/radar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Medici\u00f3n del nivel de radar<\/a><\/em> - notas tecnol\u00f3gicas sobre el radar de no contacto y onda gu\u00eda.<\/li>\n<li>Endress+Hauser, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.endress.com\/en\/Field-instruments-overview\/Level-measurement\/Radar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Medici\u00f3n del nivel de radar<\/a><\/em> \u2014 requerimientos constantes diel\u00e9ctricos y medici\u00f3n de interfaz.<\/li>\n<li>Emerson, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.emerson.com\/en-us\/automation\/measurement-instrumentation\/level\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Instrumentaci\u00f3n de medici\u00f3n de nivel<\/a><\/em> - orientaci\u00f3n para la aplicaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<li>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics \u2014 source of the relative permittivity values tabulated above.<\/li>\n<li>Kacise, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/es\/product\/kld804-radar-level-sensor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sensor de nivel de radar KLD804 80 GHz<\/a><\/em> hoja de datos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The dielectric constant (relative permittivity, \u03b5r) of the medium determines how much of the radar signal is reflected to the antenna. Media with \u03b5r > 3.6 reflect strongly and are easy targets; low-\u03b5r hydrocarbons (typically 1.4\u20134.0) reflect only a small fraction of the signal and require guided-wave radar or high-frequency (80\u00a0GHz) non-contact radar for reliable [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":17192,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[319],"tags":[238],"class_list":["post-14228","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-radar-level-meter","tag-radar"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14228","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14228"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14228\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17192"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14228"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14228"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kcsensor.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14228"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}